The unique design allows it to avoid contact with water a medium 800 times heavier than air and its strong yet light composite fibre body allows longer durability than most marine crafts. Pdf experimental investigation of a winginground effect craft. Ground effect can be divided up into two distinct regimes, ram and normal ground effect 1. The bixel wig is a ground effect vehicle, or wing in ground effect vehicle, designed in the last century by charles bixel, who sadly passed away not long ago. My first experiments into groundeffect began with a simple lippisch reversedelta model mk1 powered by a model aircraft cox 049 engine figure 2. The lift off aid developed by fischer flugmechanik for the second wig craft generation hoverwing is an air cushion which is created by a part of the propeller stream under. Wig craft data sheets hoverwing wig craft technology. The ge is a phenomenon where aerodynamic, aero elastic and aero acoustic impact on a. Aerodynamic characteristics of wing of wig catamaran.
This effect is a consequence of the distortion of the airflow below such surfaces attributable to the proximity of the ground. The fact is that if the height to chord length of the aircraft is too small, the developing boundary layers from either side of the surface ground and wing can interact, leading to a choked flow. Chinese cyg11 craft that can fly or float on a cushion. It fills the technological gap between conventional aircraft and ships. Here the wing is so close to the ground that the trailing edge of the wing is creating a sealed envelope. The ge is a phenomenon where aerodynamic, aero elastic and aero acoustic impact on a body that. The following is a list of wig or wing in ground effect craft, also referred to as waterskimming wingships or, in russia, ekranoplans. Starting with definitions of the phenomenon and the craft which takes advantage of the ground effect ge, the history and perspectives of the technology, specific vehicles and projects, and areas of application are covered. The performance of a winginground effect c raft depends mostly on its wing configuration. Compare to others wig crafts, this model is constant steady and high in stability movement with the wing in ground effect.
In many general aviation airplanes this effect produces greater lift and less drag for a given angle of attack. Wig craft make use of a phenomenon known as ground effect. The hoverwing, designed first as a normal hovercraft, is unique because of the ability to add wings for flight in ground effect. Retrospective theses and dissertations iowa state university capstones, theses and dissertations 1994 design of a wing section in ground effect. Research article experimental investigation of a wing in ground effect craft m. Computational aerodynamics and flight stability of wingin. Regarding polymorphic craft, wst needs to have a study to give you a precise answer. A groundeffect vehicle gev, also called a wing in ground effect wig, ground effect craft, wingship or ekranoplan russian. For fixed wing aircraft, ground effect is the increased lift and decreased aerodynamic drag that an aircrafts wings generate when they are close to a fixed surface. Wartsila is a global leader in smart technologies and complete lifecycle solutions for the marine and energy markets. This paper presents a wing in ground effect craft design as an alternative to the current ships, a means of faster and safer transportation.
Ground effect is the name given to the positive influence on the lifting characteristics of the horizontal surfaces of an aircraft wing when it is close to the ground. Computational analysis of aerodynamic characteristics for wing in. A wig craft, like the pelican, sits on a cushion of air created by aerodynamics rather than by an engine. During cruise, the craft was able to jump up for a short time in order to avoid obstacles. Wig craft gives an alternate solution to gain higher speed. While some believe that it will bring a new era of high speed marine transportation, others believe it holds less promise than the hovercraft. This should demonstrate that most of the ground effect happens when the ram pressure below the wing builds up. After an in depth study of the matter, the weapon and space systems intelligence committee has concluded that the soviet wing in ground effect wig craft should be classified and designated as naval surface platforms. Wing in ground effect craft are becoming promising transportation over the last decade.
The vehicles which are considered in this study are the wingingrounde. Part boat, part hovercraft, when travelling at speed this craft generates enough lift from its stub wings to fly 15 to 30 centimeters above the water. Pdf experimental investigation of a winginground effect. It has the abilities of snow surface take off and maneuvering at the coast line with use of props power. A groundeffect vehicle gev, also called a wingingroundeffect wig, groundeffect craft, wingship or ekranoplan russian. Wing in ground effect craft or wig craft is a vehicle flying above the ground or water surface with an altitude lower than its wing chord.
The boeing pelican ultra is intended as a largecapacity transport craft initially for military use, with possible subsequent availability as a commercial freighter serving the worlds largest cargo. Analysis of wingingroundeffect vehicle with regard to safety. Airfish 8 af8 product video wing in ground effect wig craft flying boat wigetworks. The lift increases due to the ground effect at low ground clearance when the. Aircraft normally fly in a freestream, that is the air around the wing is not bounded in any way. The hainan yingge wing in ground effect craft manufacturing company in hainan, china, tested two prototype sea planes off the coast of haikou that have been developed in. A wing in ground wig craft is defined as a vessel capable of operating completely above the surface of the water on a dynamic air cushion created by aerodynamic lift due to the ground effect between the vessel and the waters surface. Ground effect aerodynamics, although a subject of much interest to automotive. Since then, a large quantity of related research has been carried out, and a better understanding of this phenomenon has been gradually achieved. This sea craft looks like a plane, has a cars engine, and docks like a boat duration.
A great range of wing in ground effect craft wigs have been manufactured ranging from 2 seat recreational vehicles to 500 tonne. Pdf project reportdesign optimization and fabrication. Stability analysis of a wing in ground effect craft. Specifications of wsh500 wing span overall with winglet 27. A great range of wing in ground effect craft wigs have been manufactured ranging from 2 seat recreational vehicles to 500 tonne warcraft. A wig craft utilizes ground proximity effects to improve aerodynamic loading and efficiency.
Experimental investigation of the ground effect of wig craft. Ahmed, 1,2 saeedjamei, 1,2 agoespriyanto, 1,2 andrahimuddin 2. The aerodynamic characteristics of the winginground effect wig craft model that has a noble configuration of a compound wing was experimentally. A wing in ground wig craft is a marine craft equipped with wings which enables it to remain airborne just above the water surface. Pdf 27 dynamic air cushion winginground effect craft. Technology developments for wing in ground effect craft spyros hirdaris and mark guerrier lloyds register strategic research group, uk dominic hudson. You can see that ground effect doesnt come into play until youre within 1 wingspan of the ground. Pdf technology developments for wing in ground effect. By emphasising sustainable innovation, total efficiency and data analytics, wartsila maximises the environmental and economic performance of the vessels and power plants of its customers. Wig craft and ekranoplan ground effect craft technology liang.
Due to the efficiency and their classification as fast vessels, wing in ground crafts have the potential to become favored transport vehicles for mean distances in. Wig craft and ekranoplan ground effect craft technology. The report also attempts to outline the performance characteristics of wig craft and the operational limitations that might be found on developed wig. Experimental investigation of a wing in ground effect craft. The aerodynamic characteristics of the wing in ground effect wig craft model that has a noble configuration of a compound wing was experimentally investigated at universiti teknologi malaysia. In full ground effect flight, the disturbance behind the boat has virtually disappeared figures 811. This has led to the design and construction of craft specifically intended to operate close to the ground and fly in ground effect. Wing in ground effect wig not to be confused with ground effect in auto racing explained in this article aircraft may be affected by a number of ground effects, or aerodynamic effects due to a flying bodys proximity to the ground. Ground effect one of the most misunderstood aerodynamic effects is called ground effect. How close to the ground do you need to be for ground effect. Once the trailing edge is less than half the wing chord from the ground, this part of ground effect kicks in, and the aircraft sees a significant reduction in drag. It is the phenomena when an airfoil is operating close to a boundary such as the ground or water. The watersports and leisure groundeffect craft that provides a unique experience gliding over the water using the wingingroundeffect on the speed up to 110 kmh. A lifting system that has increased lifttodrag ratio due to flying very near to the ground is termed as.
Pdf stability analysis of a wing in ground effect craft. Some of the benefits of wig craft include high speed operation compared to traditional marine craft, improved payload and aerodynamic. These craft should therefore be included in the surface platform sections of the naval order of. Ground effect one of the most misunderstood aerodynamic. These craft are supported in their main operational mode solely by aerodynamic. Experimental investigation of a winginground effect craft. A wing in ground effect wige crafts can be deployed to fly by utilizing the ground effect, which is a natural phenomenon known to improve the efficiency of airplanes during takeoff and landing. This report provides the theory of the efficiency of wings operating in ground effect and the historical background to the development of wig craft. It seems, however, a matter of time at a glance to transform a passenger craft to a polymorphic craft although it may require some tradeoffs in payload.
View wing in ground effect craft research papers on academia. Introduction wing in ground wig effect transportation vehicles have attracted considerable attention in view of their potential civil and military applications. Classification of wingingr ound effect wig craft subject. They illustrated the ground effect caused a reduction in the tip vortex and the wake following the wing, as shown by the smoke trace test. When taking off, ground effect may temporarily reduce the stall speed. Pdf wing in ground effect craft are becoming promising transportation over the last decade. The maritime platform division of the aeronautical and maritime research laboratory, dsto has been tasked. The aerodynamic characteristics of the winginground effect wig craft model that has a noble configuration of a. The aerodynamic characteristics of compound wings were numerically investigated during the ground effect. Design of a hoverwing aircraft presented to mechanical and. The difference between par and ground effect flight can be clearly seen. The hoverwing, designed first as a normal hovercraft, is.
It has long been recognised that flight close to a boundary surface is more aerodynamically efficient than flight in the free stream. The lippisch configuration was chosen because of its supposed greater inherent stability when moving between in ground effect ige and out of ground effect oge. This has led to the design and construction of craft specifically intended to operate close to the ground and fly in. Wigs wing in ground are advanced hybrid air cushion crafts and they offer the. While the pelican is yet to become a prototype the concept is hardly a new one. Aerodynamic characteristics of wing of wig catamaran vehicle. The vehicles which are considered in this study are the wing in ground e. Research article experimental investigation of a wingin. It can be seen as a transition between a hovercraft and an aircraft. The boeing pelican ultra ultra large transport aircraft was a proposed ground effect fixed wing aircraft under study by boeing phantom works. Wing in ground effect craft the concept and the market. It has long been recognised that flight close to a boundary surface is more aerodynamically efficient than flight in the freestream. If youve flown a low wing and high wing airplane, you know that low wing planes experience a lot more ground effect during landing. Pdf numerical study of aerodynamics of a winginground.
The wing encompasses a winglet at the end of the wingtip. Ground effect craft technology will be of interest to naval engineers, aviation engineers, naval architects, and mechanical engineers interested in the development and research of wing in ground wig and high performance marine. Par flight leaves a wake on the surface of the water where it has been blown by the fans. Ram ground effect occurs where the wing is at an altitude of hc0. Compared to larger marine crafts, the wig is able to consume lesser fuel whilst. Wing in ground effect craft research papers academia. Halloran, sean omeara published 2000 it has long been recognised that flight close to a boundary surface is more aerodynamically. Wig catamaran, wing in ground effect, aerodynamic characters, naca 6409, cfd analysis.
By leaving the ground effect during the jump the aerodynamic drag increases, which reduces speed andmakes the craft return into ground effect automatically. When landing, ground effect can give the pilot the feeling that the aircraft is floating. Pdf technology developments for wing in ground effect craft. Pdf a wingingroundeffect wige crafts can be deployed to fly by utilizing the ground effect, which is a natural phenomenon known to improve the. The aquaglide is a fiveseat wing in ground effect vehicle powered by a gasoline engine. Feb 16, 2014 wing in ground effect is quite a new concept of designing fast ships, which has vast relevance in numerous areas such as transportation of cargo, tourism, rescue operations, and military functions. Wig bike craft 3seater the watersports and leisure ground effect craft that provides a unique experience gliding over the water using the wing in ground effect on the speed up to 110 kmh. For decades the russians have experimented with aircraft they called wig wing in groundeffect planes. Mar 06, 2008 a wing in ground effect vehicle wig, is a vehicle that cruises little more than a few feet over flat surfaces, most often water. The flow around a wing in ground effect craft flying at alpha 3 deg and alpha 9 deg over flat and wavy ground is simulated and investigated by using ansys fluent, employing the compressible.
Wing in ground ef fect is quite a new concept of designing fast ships, which has vast relevance in numerous areas such as transportation of cargo, tourism, rescue operations, and military functions. Research article experimental investigation of a wing in ground effect craft academic editors. Wig craft bd12g on 75 % is composite boat, 25 % of the parts power elements of the body are aluminum. Many researchers have had some successful attempts to develop wig crafts that fly near sea surface. Design optimization and fabrication of a wing in ground effect craft sponsored by cerd, govt. Despite this wigs have never enjoyed great commercial or military success. Introduction wing in ground wig effect craft are unique vehicles that operate at altitudes of several metres above the sea surface to take advantage of favourable aerodynamic interactions between the wing and ground. My first experiments into ground effect began with a simple lippisch reversedelta model mk1 powered by a model aircraft cox 049 engine figure 2.
1026 1516 275 473 1469 290 76 843 12 1448 338 1265 743 280 889 941 1152 1071 520 1259 593 1205 1233 1247 887 732 1248 727 1229 1522 275 820 1400 1599 1528 373 1489 1377 363 1351 528 1308 1093 745 1184 1251 1091 505